【标准美音社论】身陷囹圄的孟加拉银行(1/2)
【标准美音社论】每天一次，是标准美音每天对东亚区广播的最后一个节目，每天22:55(BST)播出，每次三至五分钟，通常是对当天某一重大事件表态或提出问题，或号召对某事采取行动或对某一新闻人物进行褒贬。【标准美音 Editorial】08-14-2012
Concern For Grameen Bank
图为乡村银行职员行于达卡市Muhammad Yunus肖像前。
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Hints:
Grameen Bank
Cabinet of Bangladesh
borrower-shareholder
Muhammad Yunus
编辑&翻译：betty0925
有betty的地方就有答疑~http://t1.g.hjfile.cn/listen/201208/201208180513229509482.Mp3The United States is deeply concerned about the future of one of Bangladesh's most successful anti-poverty institutions, Grameen Bank. A proposed law change approved by the Cabinet of Bangladesh would give the bank's government-appointed chairman more control over the search process to designate Grameen's next managing director, an authority now held by the bank's board of directors. This move would diminish the role that the bank's largely female borrower-shareholders play in shaping the direction of an institution that has improved the lives of millions of impoverished women in Bangladesh, and indeed around the world.
In 1976, Muhammad Yunus, an economics professor in Bangladesh, discovered that a very small loan, issued on fair terms, could make an enormous difference to the poorest of the poor and their ability to make a living. He lent $27 of his own money to 42 women who supported themselves by manufacturing and selling handicrafts. So they could purchase supplies. Free from the exorbitant rates charged by money lenders, the women made a profit and returned the loan with interest. This was the idea behind Grameen Bank, which became an independent institution in 1983.美国深为孟加拉国最卓越的扶贫机构乡村银行担忧。一条刚通过孟加拉国内阁议会的法律变更将赋予政府认命的主席在委任该银行下一届总裁的搜寻中拥有更高的权力，总裁一位现暂由董事会代为打理。此举将削弱该银行绝大部分的女性借贷者即股东调整银行营运方向的权力。该银行不仅改善了孟加拉国数以百万计的贫苦女性的生活，还造福了全世界。
在1976年，孟加拉经济学教授Muhammad Yunus发现，一笔公正合理的小额贷款就可以为最为贫困的人们带来巨大的收益，提升他们的营生技能。他借给42位自产自销手工艺品的妇女27美元，以便她们能购进原材料。由于不必向贷方缴交高额的利息，妇女们赚到了钱，还连本带息的还了贷款。这也正是乡村银行的经营理念，该独立机构成立于1983年。
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