更高的最低工资标准扼杀了工作岗位？(有声)
Does A Higher Minimum Wage Kill Jobs?Job seekers lined up at McDonald's restaurants nationwide last week, hoping to fill one of the fast-food chain's 50,000 openings during a one-day nationwide hiring event.
http://image.l.hjfile.cn/file/201104/2011042510505975879.mp3
>>点击下载音频
LIANE HANSEN, host: As the days grow longer and warmer, employers who run roller coasters(过山车), water parks and hot dog stands are preparing for the summer rush. They're seeking workers to fill jobs at/or just above the federal minimum wage of $7.25 an hour. Labor advocates say its time for those workers to get a raise. But employers insist the economy remains far too weak for a minimum wage hike.
Joining us to discuss low-wage work is NPRs senior business editor Marilyn Geewax.
Welcome back, Marilyn.
MARILYN GEEWAX: Hi, Liane.
HANSEN: A lot of consumer prices are up this year. We talked about it, gasoline in particular. Is the government inclined to increase the minimum wage to help keep pace?
GEEWAX: Well, certainly a lot of workers wish government would act. When the minimum wage was last increased in July of 2009, the cost of gasoline was about $2.50 a gallon. This summer, the pump price will probably be about twice that in a lot of cities. And, you know, the cost of buying your lunch is going to go up too, because we're seeing higher prices for meat and dairy prices.
HANSEN: So is there any chance Congress will consider a minimum wage hike then?
GEEWAX: No. This Congress is not even thinking about it. The last minimum-wage increase was actually an automatic step increase that had been put into place back in early 2007, and that was before the so-called Great Recession(经济大萧条) hit. So even though the economy was hurting in the summer of 2009, the minimum wage at that time rose because of this built-in hike. It went up from $6.55 to $7.25.
But since that time the job market has remained really weak. And Republicans have regained control of the House. So no one really expects this Congress to impose a minimum wage increase on employers for a very long time anyway, and certainly not in response to these gas prices.
HANSEN: So what about the states? I mean the minimum wage is higher in some states.
GEEWAX: That is true. Seventeen states and the District of Columbia have minimum wages above the federal level. For example, in Oregon, the minimum is now $8.50 an hour. So some labor advocates think that they actually have a better chance of helping workers by focusing their efforts on state legislatures. But so far, no state has voted to increase the wage this year.
HANSEN: Marilyn, economists have been arguing over the minimum wage since it was enacted in 1938. Why isn't there a consensus on this issue yet?
GEEWAX: Liane, it's amazing how many studies have been done about this. Serious economists have looked at this issue again and again. And honestly, you could find a terrific study to support whatever you want to believe; that raising the wage reduces the number of jobs, or that modestly increasing the wage could stimulate spending without costing jobs.
But it's interesting that while economists in this country have been arguing about this, officials in other countries, especially in Asia, they're going ahead and raising the minimum wage. In China, Indonesia, Mongolia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Cambodia; all of these governments are in the process of either introducing or toughening their minimum wage laws.
HANSEN: But if the economic studies are so contradictory, why are those governments imposing them?
GEEWAX: Well, I can't say whether or not the Asian government leaders are reading the same economic journals that I do. But they are seeing that their low-wage workers are getting angrier about these rising food prices. So rather than risk political unrest, they're trying to boost the wages of their workers so that people can keep up with these rising food and fuel prices.
HANSEN: NPRs senior business editor Marilyn Geewax. Thanks as always, Marilyn.
GEEWAX: Im happy to do it, Liane.
最低工资的概念是首先1890年代为应对频繁发生的工人罢工而在澳大利亚和新西兰创立的。1912年马萨诸塞州采用了这种制度，并将其范围覆盖妇女和儿童。在1936年的总统选举中，选民们寻求一道防线来对抗经济大萧条，因此出台了每小时工资的立法。在竞选活动中，一位年轻的女士递给弗兰克林·罗斯福的助手一张字条想寻求帮助，字条上说：“我希望您能做些什么来帮助我们这些女孩。几个月以前我们每周的最低工资还是11美元，现在我们中有200个人的工资被削减为每星期$4，$5和$6。”
罗斯福驱车回到了办公室，部分答应了寻求一种宪法的途径来保护工人的利益。1923年，最高法院取消一项华盛顿特区最低工资立法，因为其妨碍了工人决定自己劳动价值的权力。1938年通过了第一部联邦最低工资法案，公平劳动标准法案(the Fair Labor Standards Act)。此法案规定每小时工资底限为25美分，大多数工人每周最多工作44小时。法案也禁止了童工的使用。罗斯福说，此项法案是“为员工的利益而采取的最有远见的方案。”工资必须保证“为了健康，效率和普遍福利的生活必需的最低标准。”
页:
[1]