听力素材：尼日利亚选举引内乱（视频）
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CARL AZUZ, CNN STUDENT NEWS ANCHOR: It is Friday, and it is awesome! Thank you for wrapping up your week with CNN Student News. I'm Carl Azuz. Your 10 minutes of commercial-free headlines start right now!
First Up: Nigeria Violence
AZUZ: First up today, trouble in Nigeria: The African nation is where some people are reacting to election results with violence. President Goodluck Jonathan says "enough is enough." He says the violence is bringing back memories of the 1960s, when Nigeria went through a civil war.
A little background for you here: Nigeria is located in western Africa. It has the continent's largest population: 150 million people. It's also Africa's largest producer of oil. The country is divided between Muslims in the north and Christians in the south.
President Jonathan -- Goodluck is his first name -- is a southerner and a Christian. He came out on top of this week's presidential poll, according to official results. International election monitors said the vote was reasonably fair, but politicians from the north say the election was rigged. That's when the violence started. People began rioting. Tens of thousands of Nigerians fled their homes. President Jonathan wants the violence to stop, but it's unclear exactly how he plans to make that happen.
Shoutout
MICHELLE WRIGHT, CNN STUDENT NEWS: Today's Shoutout goes out to Ms. Corrieri's social studies classes at Chenery Middle School in Belmont, Massachusetts! Which one of these terms describes the United Kingdom's form of government? Is it a: A) Constitutional monarchy, B) Federal republic, C) Parliamentary democracy or D) Military junta? You've got three seconds -- GO! In a constitutional monarchy, the monarch's duties are spelled out and limited by a constitution. That's your answer and that's your Shoutout!
Royal Wedding Anticipation
AZUZ: Catherine Middleton is probably learning about what her new duties are going to be. She'll join the British monarchy next Friday when she marries Prince William. You might have heard about princess-themed weddings. This is the real thing. Before Middleton takes on the title, though, or eventually becomes England's sixth Queen Catherine, Isha Sesay looks at the royal run-up to next week's nuptials.
(BEGIN VIDEO)
ISHA SESAY, CNN ANCHOR: The flowers are blooming and the banners are out at Buckingham Palace. Following the changing of the guard, soldiers rehearse for ceremonial duties ahead of next Friday's royal wedding. Not far away, 200 British flags fly along London's Regent Street.
BECKY ANDERSON, CNN ANCHOR, LONDON: What do you think about the flags, guys?
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: I think they're fantastic.
ANDERSON: Yes?
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: It's like the end of World War II. It makes me proud to be British.
SESAY: And wedding souvenirs are flying off the stands: flags, mugs, plates, you name it. Meantime, the Queen celebrated her 85th birthday Thursday by visiting Westminster Abbey. While she was there for an Easter-related service, the trip was also a useful rehearsal for her grandson's wedding. In a new video message, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the man who will marry the couple, describes them as "sensible and realistic young people."
ARCHBISHOP ROWAN WILLIAMS, CANTERBURY: They've thought through what they want for themselves, but also what they want to say. They've had a very simple, very direct picture of what really matters about this event.
SESAY: Prince William and his bride to be, Kate Middleton, have been keeping a low profile since a public appearance in Wales last week. But the future princess was spotted shopping on London's Kings Road this week, apparently picking up some new clothes for the royal honeymoon. Isha Sesay reporting.
(END VIDEO)
Stormy Weather
AZUZ: We're sure the Royal Family's hoping for clear skies for the big day. But this month has seen the exact opposite around parts of the United States. Many Americans have been dealing with this: thunderstorms, high winds, tornadoes, like the one you're watching now from Missouri. The South and Northeast just got hit by another round of storms that knocked out power, dropped trees, caused fires. Last week, more than 100 twisters were reported across 14 states. Sounds like a lot. But has this April been worse than other years? CNN meteorologist Jacqui Jeras is here with the numbers. Jacqui, what can you tell us?
JACQUI JERAS, CNN WEATHER ANCHOR: It's sparked a lot of questions with all these numbers of tornadoes. Is this unusual to see severe weather every couple of days this time of the year? No. Is it unusual to see this many and this intense? Yes, a little bit.
Let's take a look at this map, and this will show you the number of tornadoes we see on average by the month. So, you can see very little action in January and February, March, and then we bump up quite a bit into April. So, the severe weather season is certainly underway. But most tornadoes occur in the month of May. That's when we see it, and then it tapers off as you head throughout the rest of the year.
Now, we're still looking at numbers, they are still preliminary, from the outbreaks in the last week. We do know in North Carolina, now, there were 27 tornadoes that were confirmed there, and that makes it the largest single day outbreak for that state in history. This map will show you our numbers so far, and the black line is this year. And you can see that black line goes above all the rest, and so this really is likely going to be an historic number of tornadoes this early in the season.
What's the Word?
TOMEKA JONES, CNN STUDENT NEWS: What's the Word for using science to analyze a crime scene?
FORENSICS
That's the word!
Clues to a Crime
AZUZ: Forensics can help answer the five Ws -- who, what, when, where, why --when it comes to a crime. What happened? When did the crime take place? Who was the suspect, or the victim? It's also helped launch an entire genre of hit TV shows. The reality isn't that glamorous, but it can be just as effective. Jason Carroll shows us some tools of the trade for these scientific sleuths.
(BEGIN VIDEO)
JASON CARROLL, CNN CORRESPONDENT: The analysis underway on remains of victims of a possible serial killer in Long Island. Four bodies still remain unidentified.
RICHARD DORMER, SUFFOLK COUNTY POLICE COMMISSIONER: Please keep in mind that this is not an episode of "CSI."
CARROLL: Cases in shows like "CSI" or "Bones," far from reality.
DR. LAWRENCE KOBILINSKY, JOHN JAY CRIMINAL JUSTICE COLLEGE: What you see on television is obviously entertainment.
CARROLL: Dr. Kobilinsky, professor of forensic science, and Dr. Richard Li, associate professor, both at John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York City. They don't need much to do their job.
KOBILINSKY: I would say about the size of an inch, an inch and a half.
CARROLL: All that's needed for them to extract DNA, enough to possibly identify a victim.
KOBILINSKY: We certainly can extract DNA from a bone like this.
CARROLL: They took us through the process. Clean bones brought to their lab will be made into a powder.
So, we start with this device right here?
DR. RICHARD LI, JOHN JAY CRIMINAL JUSTICE COLLEGE: Right. You can use either the commercial blender.
CARROLL: So, this is just a commercial blender? Because honestly, this looks very similar to what I think a lot of people may have at home.
Another device here works even better.
LI: It's called a freezer mill.
CARROLL: The freezer mill. Liquid nitrogen is poured into the mill. A bone fragment encased in a tube dipped inside for deep freezing.
KOBILINSKY: I'm sure kids have seen different things put into liquid nitrogen, and it freezes instantly.
CARROLL: The sample, brittle enough to blend into a fine powder. The machine uses chemicals to break down the powder even more.
Usually this part of the process happens overnight, correct? For the sake of television, we'll move on.
Dr. Li extracts a small amount of the mixture. Then, on to another lab for the final process where the DNA is refined for the result.
Do you, in some ways, feel like you're detectives, too? Because in a way, you're trying to find out who a person is from just a small fragment.
KOBILINSKY: I feel very much like a detective. Loved ones are lost, and so the analysis of the skeletal remains are critical and very important to the families.
(END VIDEO)
Earth Day
AZUZ: Okay, think fast: What happened for the first time 41 years ago today? Think green. April 22, 1970 was the first national Earth Day celebration! Roughly 20 million people participated back then. Today, more than a billion people get involved with Earth Day. That includes President Obama. This video from 2009 shows the president helping plant a tree in honor of the event. There are a lot of ways for people to get involved, but it's all about the same goal: trying to help the environment. In fact, that's the whole point of Earth Day: raising awareness about environmental issues. And here's an interesting fact: The same year that Earth Day started, the U.S. Congress created the Environmental Protection Agency and passed the Clean Air Act.
Before We Go
AZUZ: Before we go, they say that laughter is the best medicine. If that's the case, then with this little guy, he must be the healthiest bird on the planet. This penguin is freaking out! But not in a bad way. It's just his typical tickle treatment. The Little penguin -- that's the actual species name -- has become an online hit thanks to this YouTube video. And while it may not sound like he's having a lot of fun...
Goodbye
AZUZ: ...we assure you that there's no pain goin' on. Man, I don't know if that worked. We were going for p...e...n...g...u...i...n; I don't know about that. Sign-off line from Facebook.com/CNNStudentNews comes from Josh: Never skip school to go bungee jumping; it will get you suspended. Have a great weekend!
点击进入CNN与你同行>>>
尼日利亚大选为何引发骚乱
据尼日利亚《领导者》报21日报道，16日尼举行总统大选以来席卷尼北部的骚乱已至少造成121人死亡，数百人受伤。
尼日利亚总统选举结果18日晚正式公布，现任总统古德勒克·乔纳森以绝对优势获胜。然而，乔纳森的主要竞争对手不接受选举结果，一些不法分子在北部多个地区组织骚乱活动，造成大量人员伤亡。
进步变革大会党当天表示，拒绝承认22个州和联邦首都区的总统选举计票结果，因为选举存在舞弊行为。该党要求在这些州重新计票。
骚乱事出有因
分析人士认为，此次骚乱的发生主要有两方面原因。
首先是民族和宗教因素。尼北部居民多为豪萨人，主要信奉伊斯兰教；而南部居民主要是约鲁巴族和伊博族，大多信奉基督教。根据尼不成文的政治规则，总统应由南北方人士轮流担任。
信奉基督教的前总统奥巴桑乔为南方人，执政八年（1999年至2007年）。此后接替他的前总统奥马鲁·亚拉杜瓦信奉伊斯兰教，代表北方，理应执政8年，但他执政3年（2007年5月至2010年5月）后病故，来自南方基督教地区的时任副总统乔纳森随后继任为总统，并于去年9月决定参选下届总统。乔纳森的连任引起了北方民众的不满。
其次，尼日利亚南北经济不平衡也是造成骚乱的一个重要原因。尼日利亚政府的主要收入来源来自东南部的产油区，而西南部地区是商业和贸易中心，北部地区则长期发展滞后，饱受贫困和高失业率困扰。北方民众担心乔纳森连任后他们的利益得不到保障。此次骚乱也是大量北方无业青年不满情绪的释放。
形势对现总统有利
此间分析人士认为，目前无论是从国际还是国内形势来看，都对现总统乔纳森更为有利。
在国际上，来自欧盟、非洲联盟、西非国家经济共同体等国际组织的观察团几乎是一边倒的肯定，认为这是尼日利亚这个非洲第一人口大国近10年来最公正的一次选举。因此，抗议者的暴力活动难以得到外界支持。
从尼国内情况看，尼日利亚自1999年民选政府执政以来，乔纳森是第3位总统。尼日利亚宪法规定，总统执政不得超过两任。这就使反对派难以找到攻击对手“专制”的借口。
乔纳森自去年5月接任总统以来，继续贯彻执行前总统亚拉杜瓦针对东南部产油区非法武装的怀柔政策，使当地安全局势大为好转，目前原油日产量已达260万桶，为近年来的最高水平。电力、铁路等基础设施的建设也在稳步推进。因此，他在民众中拥有很高的支持率。
世界地球日
世界地球日（World Earth Day）即每年的4月22日，是一项世界性的环境保护活动。该活动最初在1970年的美国由盖洛德·尼尔森和丹尼斯·海斯发起，随后影响越来越大。2009年第63届联合国大会决议将每年的4月22日定为“世界地球日”。活动旨在唤起人类爱护地球、保护家园的意识，促进资源开发与环境保护的协调发展，进而改善地球的整体环境。中国从20世纪90年代起，每年都会在4月22日举办世界地球日活动。
240个龙卷风吹袭美国南部 比战场情景更糟糕
综合国外媒体消息 从当地时间4月15日开始，美国南部多州在3天时间内遭遇上百个龙卷风吹袭，从克拉荷马州、阿肯色州、密西西比州、阿拉巴马州，乔治亚州和弗吉尼亚州一直到北卡罗来纳州，几乎横跨半个美国大陆的范围。这些风暴共造成45人死亡。根据美国气象局的初步统计，3天时间美国南部共生成240个龙卷风，其中包括北卡罗来纳州的62个。由于一些较小的龙卷风未被统计到，预计最终数量还会上升。美国国家气象局表示，造成如此严重破坏的龙卷风来自同一个风暴系统，“一个龙卷风刚刚消散，另一个就紧接着出现”。灾区情形比战场更糟糕龙卷风、洪水以及和棒球一样大的冰雹摧毁了北卡罗来纳州和弗吉尼亚州。龙卷风共造成北卡罗莱州20万户居民断电；21人死亡，这也是1984年该州自然灾害中死亡人数最多的一次。1984年3月，龙卷风袭击佐治亚州、南卡罗来纳州、北卡罗来纳州和弗吉尼亚州，致使59人死亡、上千人受伤。当时，北卡罗来纳州共42人死亡。“这是1984年以来最严重的风暴和龙卷风天气，”联邦紧急措施署北卡罗来纳州分局发言人帕蒂·麦奎兰说，“我仍记得那一次，而这次造成的破坏更大。”州长贝弗利·珀杜说，这是过去27年来收到龙卷风报告数量最多的一次。在北卡罗来纳州，60余座房屋16日完全被毁，超过400栋建筑物受损。
北卡罗莱州已宣布进入紧急状态，州长BeverlyPerdue表示：“我们的关怀和祈祷伴随着所有经历了这恐怖一天的人们。”一位曾经参加过战争的退伍老兵作为志愿者参与救援，他描述道：“一切比我在伊拉克战场见到的情景还要糟糕。”核电站断电停运北卡罗来纳州伯蒂县官员齐·兰姆说，其中一名救灾志愿者是伊拉克战争老兵，“他两次前往伊拉克服役。按照他的说法，灾后场面比他在伊拉克看到的情景更糟糕”。多米宁弗吉尼亚电力公司说，旗下位于弗吉尼亚州东南部的一处核电站两座反应堆16日在龙卷风切断电力供应后自动停运。备用发电机现在正常运行，两座反应堆“处于安全和稳定状态没有放射物泄漏”。由于当地天气干燥，这场强风暴在得克萨斯州引发野火。当地媒体报道称，得州首府奥斯汀西南部的大火吞噬了至少10户人家，当局派出直升机从附近的湖中取水再浇在大火上。奥斯汀市长李·莱芬韦尔17日表示火情得到遏制，但没有得到控制，由于干燥和风大，当地很可能出现更多火情。多人死亡 几十万用户断电红十字会志愿者辛迪向记者描述了风暴是怎样摧毁桑福得市一个小镇的：“大风将一个社区的30户房屋全部掀翻。”在弗吉尼亚州格洛斯特县，一个龙卷风的破坏半径达12英里(19公里),将大树连根拔起，阻塞多条道路、压毁电缆，多间木质房屋被吹散犹如火柴棍一般。数十人失踪，近25万人断电。在弗州夏洛特威尔，龙卷风带来的降雨还引发洪水，一辆乘坐4人的小轿车被冲走。暴风14日在俄克拉荷马州出现，至少5个龙卷风吹袭该州，造成2人死亡，然后向其它州份推进。阿肯色州15日遭受风暴吹袭，7人死亡，其中一位男子和他未成年的儿子和女儿不幸被邻居家倒塌的房屋砸死。亚拉巴马州则有7人死于龙卷风灾难，密西西比州和亚拉巴马州多处民居、商店及教堂损毁，出现供电系统故障。
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