英语语法：从句—定语从句
1. 定语从句在句子中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代词2. 先行词和引导词
被修饰的名词、名词词组或代词叫做先行词;在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。引导词语可分为“关系代词”和“关系副词”。
3. 关系代词和关系副词
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。关系副词有：when, where, why。
注意：关系副词里面没有how。如果要修饰方式，用that或in which引导，或者不用引导词。
I don’t like the way (that, in which) he eyed me. 我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。
4. 关系代词：who
关系动词who在从句中主要作为主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。
He is the man who wants to see you. 他就是想要见你的那个人。(who在句中作为主语)
Succeed will come to him who is honest and diligent. 成功将归于诚实而勤奋的人。
5. 关系代词：whom
He is the man whom I saw in the park yesterday.
他就是我昨天在公园里见到的那个人。(whom在从句中作宾语)
作宾语用的引导词可以省略，因此上面的句子可以改写如下：He is the man I saw in the park yesterday.
6. 关系代词：whose用来指人或物(只能用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换)。
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人车坏了，他们跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
7. 关系代词：which(1)
which指物，在从句中作为主语或宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中可以省略。
They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.
他们需要一种不像水稻那么需要水的作物。(主语)
The farm (which) we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.
我们昨天参观的农场位于北京郊区。(作宾语，可省略。)
8. 关系代词：which(2)
当在which和that面前进行选择的情况下，一下情况要选which：
1).在非限制性定语从句中通常用which作引导词，而不能用that做非限制性定语从句的引导词。
2). 修饰整个主句。
I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.
从那以后我再也没有见到朱莉叶，真是遗憾。
3). 修饰谓语部分。
He can swim in the river, which I cannot. 他会在河里游泳，那正是我不会的。
4). 介词 + which
They are all questions to which there are no answers. 那些问题都是无头公案。
9. 关系代词：that(1)
that多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人;在从句中作主语或宾语。
指物的时候多用that，也可用which。
It’s a question that (which) needs careful consideration.
这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。(指物，作为主语。)
Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree?
树下那个在看杂志的那个人是谁?(指人，作为主语。)
The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister.
我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的妹妹。(指人，作宾语，可省略。)
10. 关系代词：that(2)
在以下的情况中，只能用that作引导词，而不能用which作引导词。
1). 先行词为all , everything, anything, nothing, little等不定代词时。
All that she lacked was training. 她所缺少的是训练。
everything等为先行词时，引导词可以省略。
Have you everything you need? 你要的东西都有了吗?
Is there anything I can do for you? 有什么事要我做吗?
All you have to do is to press the button. 你所要做的就是按一下电钮。
2). 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。
3). 先行词被序数词和the last修饰时
4). 先行词中既有人又有物时
They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.
他们谈论他们参观过的那些学校和老师们。
5). 主句是含有who或which的特殊疑问句，为了避免重复时
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