实用英语：htm, html, asp是什么意思
上网已经成为我们生活的一部分。我们打开网页，会发现地址栏里都是以http开头的，结尾却各不相同，有htm，html，asp，pl，等等等等。这些都是网页的“扩展名”。那么它们都代表什么意思呢?下文就来告诉你。You can see some of the most common extensions on these URLs:
http://www.howstuffworks.com/question-archive.htm - The question archive
page (and nearly all other pages) at HowStuffWorks ends in htm.
http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readermain.html - The home page for
Adobe Reader ends in html.
http://www.cbsnews.com/sections/home/main100.shtml - The home page for the
CBS news in shtml.
http://www.microsoft.com/catalog/default.asp - Many pages on Microsoft's
site end in asp.
http://www.altavista.pl/ - The home page for the AltaVista search engine
ends in pl.
http://www.howstuffworks.com/cgi-bin/suggest.cgi - The code that processes
suggestions at HowStuffWorks ends in cgi.
http://www.howstuffworks.com/survey-add.php - The HowStuffWorks daily
survey results page ends in php.
When the Web started, it ran almost exclusively on UNIX machines and all
pages were static. Html was the standard file extension(扩展名). When people
started using PCs running DOS or Windows as Web servers, however, the four
letters in "html" were problematic. PCs followed an 8.3 naming convention that
allowed only three letters in the extension. So the world made room for two
standard extensions: html and htm. It used to be that you could tell whether a
Web site was running on UNIX or Windows by looking at the file extension, but
now there is no distinction. HowStuffWorks runs off a UNIX server but uses "htm"
as its extension -- it's the webmaster's choice.
Pages tagged with shtml reveal that "Server Side Includes(服务器端包含)" are
being used on the server(服务器). Htm and Html pages are static. The file is lifted
off the server's disk and sent verbatim to the client. With SSI, a page can
contain tags(标记) indicating that another file should be inserted in place of the
tag in the existing page. So a page is lifted off the server's disk and the
server makes all the substitutions indicated. Then it sends the final page to
the client. This approach makes it very easy to change things like headers and
footers on pages across an entire site.
Active Server Pages (asp动态伺服器网页) is a Microsoft technology that allows even
more flexibility. A Web page can contain Visual Basic code that the server
executes when it lifts a page off the disk. This code can do just about anything
-- read databases, run other programs, custom format pages based on the user's
ID, etc. You have a great deal of flexibility. On the other hand, your Web pages
now contain code that may have bugs in it, so it is possible for a page to
"crash." With freedom comes responsibility...
(Note that is now becoming common to see jsp and php extensions as well.
Jsp is one of the latest additions to the Java Enterprise suite of APIs. "Jsp"
stands for "Java Server Pages" and is effectively Java's response to ASP. The
code embedded in a page is Java rather than Visual Basic. "Php" used to stand
for "Personal Home Page," but now it's really just "PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor,
一种在电脑上执行的脚本语言)," which is a scripting language that's mostly used with
Linux.)
The pl extension stands for PERL, a scripting language. The page contains
nothing but PERL script, and the script builds the page on the fly. The script
can also do anything as in asp pages.
The cgi extension also means that a page contains code executed by the
server, but the type of code can be just about anything.
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