英文阅读：美元的来历
当你在美国拿着绿色的钞票购物时，你想过它的来历吗?作为世界第一大国的货币，美元有着怎样的历史?希望下面的文章中能提供给你满意的答案。The origin of the almighty dollar is in what is now the Czech Republic. In
1519, a silver mine near the town of Joachimstal (literally "Joachim's valley,"
from the German Tal, meaning valley) began minting (铸造) a silver coin called,
unimaginatively, the Joachimstaler. The coin, which was circulated widely,
became better known by its clipped form, the taler. In Dutch and Low German, the
initial consonant softened to become daler. English adopted this form,
eventually changing its spelling to the modern dollar.
In the American colonies, there was no standard currency. The coin that was
in widest use was the Spanish Peso, known also as "Pieces of Eight" because it
could be divided into eight pie-like pieces. The English colonists informally
assigned the name dollar to this coin. In 1785, when the Continental Congress
established US currency, they adopted dollar as name for the standard unit of
currency, at the suggestion of Gouverneur Morris and Thomas Jefferson, because
the term was widely known and was not associated with any form of official
English currency. (Jefferson also coined the term disme, from the French
dixieme, for a tenth of a dollar. Pronounced deem, it eventually became
dime.)
The origin of the $ sign has several folkloric stories attached. One says
that Thomas Jefferson invented it, perhaps as a sort of monogram (字母组合) for TS.
Jefferson was the first to use the symbol in relation to the US dollar, but this
story is fanciful. Another says that originally it was U superimposed over an S,
for US of course. Eventually the base of the U eroded due to poor printing
technology, leaving an S with two lines through it. Another says that it is a
variant of a figure eight that appeared on the Spanish Peso, standing for the
pieces of eight. This last is close to the truth, but not quite there.
The Spanish royal family used on its escutcheon, two pillars (representing
the Pillars of Hercules in Gibraltar and Morocco) crossed by an unfurled banner
reading "Plus Ultra." This symbol appeared on the Peso, and looked much like the
modern $ sign. It was adopted as a symbol for the Peso in the American colonies,
and was transferred to the dollar.
The US was the first nation to adopt an official currency named the dollar.
In 1797, the Bank of England began minting "dollar" coins as bank-issued
currency. Other nations that have adopted the name dollar for their currency
have done so in emulation of either the US or this short-lived Bank of England
practice.
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