【冲刺必备】浅谈英语六级听力之短文理解技巧(一)
在大学六级考试中，听力占了很大一部分分值，但同学普遍都感觉听力部分最难，诚然，因为大学几年大家几乎是不练习的，就算是看英文美剧也是看着中文字幕，听力几乎荒废了。因此要把每一类型的听力摘出来，进行针对性练习，必定有所收获。今天文都英语靖老师就听力中的短文理解一些技巧给大家进行剖析。首先，看选项，推断问题及文章结构。英语文章往往首句提出主题，接下来分析问题，最后得出结论，或者进一步提出解决问题的方法。问题的设置一般与原文的结构相匹配。每一道题目的范围大概是这样的：第一题：问文章介绍的对象或论述的问题是什么;第二题：问原因是什么;第三题：问如何解决--方法或手段(或考数字等细节);第四题：可能是推理题，也有可能是主旨题。或者：第一题：问原因或问题是什么。第二题：问如何解决，方法或手段;(或考数字等细节)。第三题：问结果或对短文概括。
在预测问题时，要注意扫读选项和圈划一到两个关键词。供扫读和圈画选项的时间有三段：1.读总体的考试指令时间，50秒。2.读短文听力的指令时间，8秒。3.每篇短文读问题的间隔，即提问后的答题时间，每题的间隔在四级中是15秒，六级为13秒，如果快的话，可用此时间预测下一题。另外，语义重心多出题，尤其注意一些信号词：关联词、最高级、开头结尾(主题、归纳重申)、数字。
短文听力理解的题型设置如下：
一、细节题：就原文的细节提问，如时间、地点、人物、事情等，答案一般是原文表述或其同义替换。注意数字、年代和信号词。
[例] A)A flood wall was built.
B)Rescue teams were formed.
C)An alarm system was set up.
D)50 underground stations were made waterproof.
Q：What measure was taken against floods in London in the 1980s?
Though a floodwall was built in the 1980s，Londoners still must be prepared for the possible disaster...
二、推断题: 依据所听到的内容，加上常识和经验进行推理，尤其注意虚拟语气和信号词。
[例] A)They will remain where they are.
B)They will leave this area forever.
C)They will turn to experts for advice.
D)They will seek shelter in nearby regions.
Q：What will people living near Mount Etna do in the face of its eruptions?
Let's take Mount Etna for example：it does erupt frequently，but those eruption are usually minor, so the overall risk for people living nearby is relatively small. But suppose Mount Etna erupts every day，or imagine that each eruption there killed thousands of people.If that were the case，the risk would be much larger.Indeed，the risk would be too large for many people to live with，and they would have to move away.
三、主旨题：
主旨类题目主要考查考生对短文的主题或主旨大意的理解，一般出现在短文的第一题或最后一题，所以短文的开头与结尾部分往往会成为考点。
[例] A) The US population doesn't consist of white European descendants only.
B) Asian tourists can speak English as well as native speakers of the language.
C) Colored people are not welcome in the United States.
D) Americans are in need of education in their history.
Q: What message did the speaker wish to convey?
I had flown from San Francisco to Virginia to attend a conference on multiculturalism......
......
......But America has been racially diverse since our very beginning on the Virginia shore, where the first group of Englishmen and Africans arrived in the 17th century. And this reality is increasing becoming visible everywhere.
对英语六级听力中短文理解的题型设置及做题方法有所了解后，大家接下来就需要在真题中不断精听练习，让自己的耳朵有所敏感，希望大家能够在六级考试中取得胜利。
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