2010年6月大学英语四级考试真题：仔细阅读
Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter foreach item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones—the kind of high瞭ech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be 47 wasteful to tear them all down and 48 them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the 49 carbon emissions from a new energy瞖fficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest 50 , the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U.S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and 51 our homes, offices and other buildings. “You can’t deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings,” says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.
With some 52 , the oldest homes tend to be the least energy瞖fficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that 53 over time and let in more outside air.
Fortunately, there are a 54 number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from 55 ones like Lincoln’s Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrade (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help 56 property owners from rising power costs.
A) accommodations F) historic K) replace
B) clumsy G) incredibly L) sense
C) doubtfully H) powering M) shifted
D) exceptions I) protect N) supplying
E) expand J) reduced O) vast
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
You never see them, but they’re with you every time you fly. They record where you’re going, how fast you’re traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They’re known as the black box.
When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to the Comoros Islands in the Indian Ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潜水艇) detected the device’s homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.
In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight瞞emory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first model for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane — the area least subject to impact — from its original position in the landing wells (起落架舱). That same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.
Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots’ conversations, and a flight瞕ata recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft’s final moments. Placed in an insulated (隔绝的) case and surrounded by quarter瞚nch瞭hick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they’re also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1, 2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they’re still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep瞫ea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane’s black boxes were never recovered.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57. What does the author say about the black box?
A) It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.
B) The idea for its design comes from a comic book.
C) Its ability to ward off disasters is incredible.
D) It is an indispensable device on an airplane.
58. What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?
A) Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.
B) The total number of passengers on the board.
C) The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.
D) Homing signals sent by pilot before the crash.
59. Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?
A) New materials became available by that time.
B) Too much space was needed for its installation.
C) The early models often got damaged in the crash.
D) The early models didn’t provide the needed data.
60. Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?
A) To distinguish them from the color of the plane.
B) To caution people to handle them with care.
C) To make them easily identifiable.
D) To conform to international standards.
61. What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447?
A) There is still a good chance of their being recovered.
B) There is an urgent need for them to be restructured.
C) They have stopped sending homing signals.
D) They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
The $11 billion self瞙elp industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self瞖steem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.”
Those with low self瞖steem didn’t feel better after the forced self瞐ffirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
62. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self瞙elp industry?
A) It is a highly profitable industry.
B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
C) It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
D) It has yielded positive results.
63. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?
A) Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good.
B) There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.
C) Unhappy people cannot think positively.
D) The power of positive thinking is limited.
64. What does the author mean by “...you’re just underlining his faults” (Line 4, Para. 3)?
A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed.
C) You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.
D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.
65. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?
A) It is important for people to continually boost their self瞖steem.
B) Self瞐ffirmation can bring a positive change to one’s mind.
C) Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self瞖steem.
D) People with low self瞖steem seldom write down their true feelings.
66. What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A) The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.
B) Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.
C) Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.
D) People can avoid making mistakes through meditation.
2010年06月英语四六级考试真题：仔细阅读 摘自《2011大学英语四级考试历年真题精析（精华版）》
Part ⅣReading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
内容概述
提起绿色建筑，我们一般会想到新的建筑——出现在建筑物杂志封面的、装有太阳能板块的高科技作品。但是美国有一亿多现存建筑物，将它们全部拆除，建成绿色建筑物，那是巨大的浪费。建造这些房屋花费了大量的精力和资源。弥补拆除一个旧房间所损失的资源平均相当于一个新节能室65年的减碳排放量。因此，从广义上而言，最节能的建筑物是已经建成的建筑物。与此同时，美国将近一半的碳排放量来自于对住宅、办公室和其他建筑物的加热、冷却和供能。国家信托组织的主任理查德·莫说，“不对现存建筑物做处理，你就无法应付气候变化” 。
也有一些例外，最老的建筑物往往是最不节能的. 与2000年之后的建筑相比，1939年前建造的房屋每平方英尺要多消耗大约50%的能源，主要是因为随着时间的流逝，微小的裂缝和缝隙扩大了，从而使得更多的室外空气进入室内。
幸运的是，通过一些相对简单的改变就可以使老房子变得更加节能，从林肯小屋这样的历史建筑物到你家二战后的建筑物。节能升级不仅仅可以拯救地球，还可以帮助物主降低日益上升的能源成本。
47. G)incredibly。该空位于系动词be与形容词wasteful之间，缺少副词，所以答案只能在C和G中选择。根据上下文的意思，此处表示“非常大的浪费”，所以选G。
48. K)replace。分析此句可知，and后是与tear them down并列的，所以需要填动词原形，只能选E、I和K中的一个，根据其后的介词with及句意，可知此处填replace正确，意为“用绿色建筑物代替旧建筑物”，所以选K。
49. J)reduced。该空位于冠词the和名词carbon emmission之间，应该填形容词。根据全文的节能主题及句意可知，应该选reduced，意为“碳排放量的减少”。
50. L)sense。该空位于形容词最高级之后，应该填一个名词。in the sense是一个固定搭配，意为“在这种意义上”。根据句意，in the broadest sense意为“从广义来看”，所以选L。
51. H)powering。此空位于and之后，与and前的现在分词并列，应该选现在分词，所以从H和N中选。根据句意，应该填powering，意为“给……提供能量”，所以选H。
52. D)exceptions。该空位于介词with和形容词some之后，应该填名词。With some exceptions是固定搭配，意为“例外”，与此处句意吻合，所以选D。
53. E)expand。此空位于定语从句的引导词that之后和时间状语之前，应该填动词做谓语;此外，该空应该与其后and从句中的let并列，所以选动词原形，答案只能在E和I中选择。根据上下文，此处意为“主要是因为随着时间的流逝，微小的裂缝和缝隙扩大了，从而使得更多的室外空气进入室内”，所以选E。
54. O)vast。此空位于冠词a和名词number之间，应该填形容词，表示数量的程度，可以从B、F和O中选择。根据句意，此处为“许多相对简单的变化”，所以选O，其它均不符合语义。
55. F)historic。此空位于代词ones之前，应该填形容词;再根据其后的例子Lincoln’s Cottage可知，此处应该填historic，意为“向林肯小屋这样的历史建筑物”，所以选F。
56. I)protect。该空位于动词help之后和名词property owners之前，应该填动词原形，构成help do sth. 的结构;另外，根据其后的介词from，可知应该选protect，构成“protect sb. from doing sth.”的用法，意为“帮助物主降低日益上升的能源成本”，所以此空选I。
Section B
Passage One
内容概述
本文主要介绍了“黑匣子”的来源、发展过程、用途和分类等情况。“黑匣子”是装备在飞机上，用来记录飞机飞行情况的一种装置。它是在1958年由澳大利亚科学家戴维·沃伦发明的，最初装在飞机的起落架舱，后来为避免碰撞装在飞机尾部。现在飞机上“黑匣子”分为两类，一类是记录声音的，一类是记录飞行数据的。“黑匣子”呈橙色或黄色，易于辨认，能抗拒巨大压力和高温，还可以发送非常远的信号。
57.What does the author say about the black box?
A)It ensures the normal functioning of an airplane.
B)The idea for its design comes from a comic book.
C)Its ability to ward off disasters is incre
dible.
D)It is an indispensable device on an airplane.
57. D)。根据第一段第一、二句“You never see them, but they’re with you every time you fly. They record where you’re going, how fast you’re traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally.”可知，选项D与之吻合。选项A文中没有提及此观点，故排除。原文中的Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. 可能是误导学生选择C的原因。withstand意为“经受，承受”，而C中的ward off 则为“避开，挡住”之意。
58.What information could be found from the black box on the Yemeni airliner?
A)Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.
B)The total number of passengers on board.
C)The scene of the crash and extent of the damage.
D)Homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash.
58. A)。根据题干中的关键词the Yemeni airliner可以将答案锁定在第二段。根据该段的最后一句话可知，Yemeni airliner上黑匣子的发现是确定这次空难的原因迈出了巨大一步，所以A选项正确。B选项不是与黑匣子无关，C项不是黑匣子所能提供的情况， D项与题意无关。
59.Why was the black box redesigned in 1965?
A)New materials become available by that time.
B)Too much space was needed for its installation.
C)The early models often got damaged in the crash.
D)The early models didn’t provide the needed data.
59. C)。根据题干中的关键词1965，可将答案锁定文章第三段得第三句话。该句话明确说明将黑匣子做出移位的原因，即：早期模式的黑匣子常在空难中受损，因此才对此进行重新设计和改装，所以正确答案是C项。
60.Why did the Federal Aviation Authority require the black boxes be painted orange or yellow?
A)To distinguish them from the color of the plane.
B)To caution people to handle them with care.
C)To make them easily identifiable.
D)To conform to international standards.
60. C)。根据题干中的关键词the Federal Aviation Authority，答案位于文章第三段的最后一句话。该句明确说明，联邦航空局要求将黑匣子染成橙色或者黄色，是为了便于辨认，所以答案是C项。
61.What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Filght 447?
A)There is still a good chance of their being recovered.
B)There is an urgent need for them to be restructured.
C)They have stopped sending homing signals.
D)They were destroyed somewhere near
Brazil.
61. A)。根据题干关键词Air France Filght 447，可将答案定位在最后一段的倒数第二句。该句话明确说明，尽管该飞机上的黑匣子坠入2万米的深海，仍然有可能会被找到，这与A项意思吻合，其他选项为干扰项，与原文内容不符，所以正确答案是A项。
Passage Two
内容概述
本文主要介绍了科学家对消极思维的研究情况及其对心理治疗的作用。研究表明，让人们进行较多的积极思维会产生相反的效果：会强化了他们的不高兴。当人们认为自己过度积极时，他们的感觉会更糟糕。实验表明，对自尊较低的人进行强迫的自我肯定并不会使他们感觉更好。这些研究结果提供一种新的心理治疗方法，即：接受消极思维，而不是与之抗衡。沉思能让人们从现实的角度看待自己的缺点，这正是消极思维的力量。
62. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self瞙elp industry?
A) It is a highly profitable industry.
B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking.
C) It was established by Norman Vincent Peale.
D) It has yielded positive results.
62. B)。根据题干的提示及关键词the self瞙elp industry可将答案定位在文章第一段。该段主要指明，自助产业是对建立在积极思维的观念基础上的，但是作者对这种积极思维的力量提出质疑。选项B是与原文意思吻合;A是对原文首句中“The $11 billion self瞙elp industry”的误解;C选项是对该段第二句话的误解，原文只是说Norman Vincent Peale是积极思维的倡导者，而不是the self瞙elp industry的缔造者;D项正是作者提出的疑问和全文要批驳的观点。
63. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?
A) Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good.
B) There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.
C) Unhappy people cannot think positively.
D) The power of positive thinking is limited.
63. A)。根据题干中的关键词the Canadian researchers，可将答案定位在原文第二段。该段明确指出，加拿大研究人员的研究表明：让人们进行较多的积极思维会产生相反的效果，会强化他们的不高兴。由此可知，选项A是正确答案，其他选项均不正确。
64. What does the author mean by “...you’re just underlining his faults” (Line 4, Para. 3)?
A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed.
C) You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.
D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.
64. C)。本题关键是正确理解文章中两个单词“underline(加强，强调)”与“dim(迟钝的，愚笨的)”。选项B中的point out是“指出”之意，与文章中的underlining意思不符。
65. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?
A)It is important for people to continually boost their self瞖steem.
B)Self瞐ffirmation can bring a positive
change to one’s mind.
C)Forcing a person to think positive
thoughts may lower their self瞖steem.
D)People with low self瞖steem seldom
write down their true feelings.
65. C)。根据题干中的关键词the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic可将答案定位在第四、五段。第五段指出：对自尊较低的人进行强迫的自我肯定并不会使他们感觉更好;事实上，他们的情绪会比对照组的更低落。所以，选项C是正确答案。A和B与研究结果相反，D不是研究结果。
66. What do we learn from the last paragraph?
A)The effects of positive thinking vary
from person to person.
B)Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.
C)Different people tend to have different
ways of thinking.
D)People can avoid making mistakes through meditation.
66. B)。根据题干要求，需要对最后一段做出正确理解。该段指出，这种研究结果为新的心理治疗形式(即：鼓励人们接受消极思想，而不是与之抗衡)提供了依据;沉思能让人们从现实的角度看待自己的缺点，这正是消极思维的力量。由此可知，选项B是正确答案。选项A和C原文未提及，选项D夸大了沉思的作用。
2010年06月英语四六级考试真题：仔细阅读 摘自《2011大学英语四级考试历年真题精析（精华版）》
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