英文阅读：风是怎么来的
今天西北风，明天又是东南风，还有狂风，微风。风当然是天气中很重要的一个组成部分，风的产生是跟空气的流动有直接关系的。Air is set in motion by the Pressure Gradient Force (PGF)(气压梯度力). This, as
you well know, is a flow from high pressure to low pressure. In nature, regions
of excess move toward regions of deficit. This comes from the second law of
thermodynamics(热力学) that states higher energy states move toward lower energy
states. Nature is always trying to balance. The result of trying to balance and
equalize pressure results in wind. The pressure gradient force acts on a
horizontal plane.
What causes the pressure changes in the atmosphere? The primary reason is
through the warming and cooling of air. The pressure exerted by a gas changes as
it becomes denser or less. Since a cold air mass is denser and has a lower
thickness than warm air, pressure decreases more rapidly with height in cold air
than in warm air. When cold dense air is placed next to warm less dense air,
wind results by nature trying to balance the pressure differences at each level
in the atmosphere between the two air masses. This can occur on all scales of
motion. Examples: On the planetary scale, temperature gradients create the polar
jet stream(急流); on the synoptic scale it creates jet streaks; on the
mesoscale(中尺度) it creates sea breeze circulations and the low level jet; on the
microscale it creates lake breezes.
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