四六级考前语法专练之定语从句
定语从句在听力、阅读和翻译中经常出现，是需要重点把握的语法点之一。在把握定语从句的时候大家要注意以下几点：
1. 定语从句的作用主要是用来修饰先行词；
2. 定语从句和主句之间需要有关系词来进行连接；
3. 关系词在从句中代替先行词，并且充当一定的成分。根据关系词在从句中成分的不同，关系词是有所不同的。
例1：
Greatchanges have taken place in the factory where weare working.
先行词 关系词 由where引导的从句
在这个例句中，factory是先行词，由where引导的定语从句来修饰；同时由where替代的这个先行词在从句中作状语。如果仍然不能分清结构，可以把句子拆分：
主句： Great changes have taken place in the factory.
从句： We are working inthe factory.
关系词如何选择？可以分三步走：
第一步，首先确定先行词；
第二步，然后确定它在定语从句中做什么成分；
第三步，之后可以进行具体分类。
1. 先行词是人：如果在从句中做主语，关系词用who；做宾语，用who 或whom；做定语,用whose
例2：
He is the person who/whom we are looking for.
2. 先行词是物：在从句中做主语或宾语都用which；作定语用of which, 或whose；
例3：
This machinewhich I have looked after for years is still working perfectly.
注意：
1) 如果先行词在从句中做状语，表示时间、地点和原因，关系词就要使用when，where和why. 如例1的情况就是先行词在从句中充当地点状语，因此用where.
2) 在限定性定语从句中，which, who, whom 都可以被that 取代。所以例2、例3中的关系词也可以省略。
3) 非限制性定语从句通常标志，从句和主语之间用逗号隔开。
例4：
This is a criticalproblem in the company, which needto be solved immediately.
这个句子就是非限定性定语从句，在这种情况下，关系词通常用which。
真题示例：
The prevention and treatment of AIDS is _______(我们可以合作的领域) .
1. 已有谓语is,空白处一定是从句
2. 汉语意思已经是完整的一句话，因此，一定是定语从句，并确定先行词：领域，the field 或a field,不用想，一般用which引导
3. 先行词要提前，所以仅按顺序译“我们可以合作的”：we can cooperate
确定介词，在……领域，用in,答案为：in the/a fieldwhich we can cooperate
实战演练：
1. I'll buy the same coat ________ you wear.
A. that B. which C.as D.like
2. The pen ________ he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. with that
3. The engineer ________ my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
4. The time isnot far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China’svast countryside.
A. as B.when C. until D. before
5. It was anexciting moment for these football fans this year, _________for the first timein years their team won the World Cup.
A.that B. while C. which D. when
6. Thereis no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.
A.that B. what C. which D. as
7. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ________he could see________wasgoing on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which;what C. through that; what D. what; that
8. Nearlyall the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A.running; that B. run; who C.running; who D. run; that
9. I shallnever forget those years ________ I lived in the country with the farmers,_________has a great effect on my life.
A. that;which B. when; which C.which; that D. when; who
10. Canyou lend me the dictionary ______ the other day?
A. aboutthat you talked B. what youtalked
C. whichyou talked D. that you talked about
(编辑：何莹莹）
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