名师详解英语语法易错题（03）
想当然类错误所谓想当然，即凭主观推测认为事情大概如此或应该如此。既然是凭主观作出的推测，自然就难免有出错的时候。有趣的是，犯想当然错误的不仅仅是我们的同学们，有时也可能是教师甚至专家们。
我们首先来看一例专家犯的想当然错误：国内不少词典曾把 eatone’s words 译为“食言”，但是我们查《现代汉语词典》,“食言”指不履行诺言或失信，而英语中eat one's words是什么意思呢? 我们查《朗文当代英语词典》，eat one's words的意思 to admit to having said something wrong (承认说过错误的话)；再查《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(第四版)，eat one's words 的意思是 to admit that what one said waswrong（承认自己说错话）。很显然，将 eat one’s words 译为汉语的“食言”是不对的，是想当然译出来的。
笔者曾在一本杂志读过这样一个笑话，说的是一位英国著名的翻译家在翻译我国的古典名著《水浒传》时，遇上了这样一句“放你妈的狗屁”，他竟想当地将其译为Your mother passes wind like adog (你妈妈放屁像狗一样)，真是天大的笑话。
下面我们再来看看同学经常犯的想当然错误吧：
◇Every minute should be made full use of _________ the lessons.
A. to study B. study C. studying D. studied
一看题干，许多同学会想当然地认为此题肯定选C，因为空格前有介词 of，其后的动词 study 用作介词 of 的宾语，当然要用动名词。你真的这样认为吗？那你就错了。
◇_________ is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.
A. He B. It C. That D. What
【分析】此题的最佳答案是B吗？句首应填一个形式主语 it 吗？如果你这样想，又错了。为什么？
本节为同学们搜集了不少想当然错误的典型例题，快快往下读吧。
1．下面这道题：
If a book is in English, _________ means slow progress for you.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
【分析】此题容易误选 A或B，想当然地根据空格前的逗号认为这是非限制性定语从句。这样分析的同学，主要是忽略了前一句句首的 if。其实此题应选D，逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的意思，用作主句的主语。同样地，下面几题也应选 that，而不选 which：
(1) If he’s only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
(2) If you want to go, _________is quite all right with me.
A. that B. which C. and it D. so
(3) When I say two hours, _________ includes time for eating.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
(4) If you want a double room , _________ will cost another ￡15.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
(5) If you have the money, _________ will be OK.
A. as B. which C. and it D. that
下例也选 that 而不选 which，其中 that 表示“那”：
Unless I’m very much mistaken, _________ is my watch you’re wearing!
A. as B. which C. what D. that
2. _________ is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.
A. He B. It C. That D. What
【分析】此题容易误选B，认为这是考查形式主语。其实，此题的正确答案是D，句首的 What ishard 是主语从句，注意 what is hard 后的谓语动词 is。假若没有此 is，则应选B，即说成 It is hardto do good all one's life and never do anything bad. 请做以下类似试题(答案均为C)：
(1) a. _________ is difficult to persuade her to stay.
b. _________ is difficult is to persuade her to stay.
A. It, It B. What, What C. It, What D. What, It
(2) a. _________ is interesting to watch children play games.
b. _________ is interesting is to watch children play games.
A. It, It B. What, What C. It, What D. What, It
(3) a. _________ is dangerous to play with fire.
b. _________ is dangerous is to play with fire.
A. It, It B. What, What C. It, What D. What, It
3. The chemistry teacher required the students _________ more attention _________ the labclean.
A. to pay, to keep B. to paying, to keeping
C. to pay, to keeping D. paying, keeping
【分析】此题容易误选A，认为空白处应填两个不定式。其实正确答案是C，第一空填不定式，即套用 require sb to do sth (要求某人做某事)句型，而第二空则应填 to keeping，因为 pay attentionto(注意)中的to 是介词，不是不定式符号，所以其后接动词时要用动名词。类似地，以下各结构中的 to 也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时应用动名词，而不是动词原形：
devote one’s time to doing sth 把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事
be used to doing sth习惯于做某事
be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事
What do you say to doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样
be accustomed to doing sth 习惯于做某事
look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事
be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事
object to doing sth反对做某事
stick to doing sth 坚持做某事
get down to doing sth 开始做某事
take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事
admit to doing 承认做了某事
pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事
4. _________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. Walk B. Walking C. The walk D. To walk
用作名词的 walk表示“散步”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的散步，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“散步”，要表示此义，须用动名词 walking。比较：
Let's go out for a walk. 我们出去散散步吧。
Walking does good to your health. 散步对你的健康有益。
类似地， dance 和 dancing 以及 swim 和 swimming 的区别也是一样：
(1) 名词的 dance表示“跳舞”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的跳舞，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“跳舞”，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词 dancing。比较：
Let's have one more dance before we go home. 我们回家前再跳一曲舞吧。
Now most of the young people are fond of dancing. 现在大多数年轻人都喜欢跳舞。
(2) 名词的 swim表示“游泳”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的游泳，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“游泳”，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词 dancing。比较：
I’ll take you for a swim. 我将带你去游泳。
Do you think swimming is allowed in this pool? 你认为这个水池允许游泳吗？
5. “Is your car equal _________ hers in speed?” “No, mine is faster. But my old one equals _________ hers in speed.”
A. to, to B. 不填，不填 C. to, 不填 D. 不填，to
【分析】此题容易误选A 或B，其实应选C。第一空前的equal 是形容词，用于be equal to 时，表示“等于”；第二空前的 equal 是动词，且为及物动词，意为“等于……”或“与……相等”，注意不要受形容词用法的影响，在用作动词的 equal 后误加介词 to。
6. I was excited at his idea _________ rid of the habit _________.
A. to get, to smoke B. of getting, of smoking
C. to get, of smoking D. of getting, to smoke
【分析】此题容易误选A，许多同学认为 one’s idea to do sth, the habit to do sth 等结构读起来很顺口的，感觉也是对的。其实正确答案应是B。英语中有些名词(如time 时间，wish 想法， courage 勇气，decision 决定，ambition 雄心，等)后习惯上接不定式作定语，有些名词(如 idea 想法，habit 习惯，hope 希望, danger 危险，possibility 可能性，等)后习惯上接“of+动名词”作定语，而有些名词(如 way 方法，chance 机会，opportunity 机会，等)则两类结构均可接。如：
I have no wish to go. 我不想去。
I have no hope of going. 我没有去的希望。
This is the best way to do it. 这是做此事最好的方法。
7. They insisted _________ a car over to fetch us.
A. to send B. sending C. on sending D. in sending
很多同学想当然地认为 insist 后接动词时要用动名词，从而误选B。其实动词 insist 后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，因为insist 通常用作不及物动词；若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词 on或upon，即用于 insist on (doing) sth；有时它也用作及物动词，但其宾语通常只能是 that 从句，而不能是普通的名词、代词或动名词。有的同学可能是根据 insist on doing sth 这一结构，想当然的认为 insist 后要接动名词，忽略了其间的介词 on。正确答案应选C。
8. When I entered she was reading _________ newspaper, with _________ in her eyes.
A. a, tear B. a piece of, tears C. a, tears D. a piece of, tear
【分析】此题容易误选D，想当然地认为news (消息)和 paper(纸)均为不可数名词，所以newspaper(报纸)也应是不可数名词；同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”，“水”不可数，“泪水”和“眼泪”也应该不可数。但非常有趣，newspaper(报纸)和 tear(眼泪)却是两个可数名词，如可说 anewspaper, two newspapers, a tear, two tears 等。注：若不是将 newspaper 当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西，而只是把它当成一种“纸”来看待，也可用作不可数名词，如：Wrap it in (a sheetof) newspaper. 把它用张报纸包起来。
9. He _________ a visit to the factory and was warmly _________ by the workers there.
A. took, welcome B. took, welcomed C. paid, welcome D. paid, welcomed
【分析】此题第一空应填动词 paid，因为 pay a visit to(拜访)是惯用搭配，其中的 pay 不能换成take。至于第二空，许多同学会模仿 come → came → come 的变化形式，想当然地认为 welcome的变化形式是 welcome → welcame → welcome，从而误选C。其实，此题应选D，welcome 用作动词时，其过去式和过去分词均为 welcomed，即它是规则动词。有的同学也许会问，我们不是常说 You are welcome. 吗? 为什么其中的 welcome 未用 welcomed 呢？那是因为此处的 welcome 为形容词，而不是动词。
10. “Was it under the tree _________ you were away talking to a friend?” “Sure. But when I gotback there, the bike was gone.
A. that B. where C. which D. while
【分析】此题很容易误选A，认为这是强调句型。其实此题的最佳答案是D。做好此题的关键是正确理解句中 it 的用法和意思。从上下文的语境来看，句中的 it 应是代词，指代 the bike，句意为：“当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗?”“肯定是的，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。”
11. “What made her struggle _________ an artist so hard?” “_________ she was a woman.”
A. became, 不填 B. to become, 不填 C. become, That D. to become, That
【分析】此题容易误选C，想当然地认为第一空应填 become (不带to)，是因为其前有使役动词 made。其实，此题应选D，在 What made her struggle to become an artist so hard? 一句中，what 是句子主语，made 是谓语，her struggle to become an artist 是宾语 (其中的不定式 tobecome an artist 是修饰her struggle 的定语)，so hard 是宾语补足语。许多同学误选C是将 herstruggle 看作宾语，而将 become an artist 看作是宾语补足语，照此分析，so hard 又是什么成分呢？第二空填 That，用以引导主语从句 (此 that 不可省略)，其后的谓语和宾语等被省略，若补充完整，即为 That she was a woman made her struggle to become an artist so hard.
12. _________ doesn’t seem to have been much difficulty in solving the problem.
A. It B. That C. There D. He
许多同学一看选项便想当然地认为，这是考查形式主语 it 的用法，所以便毫不犹豫地选了A。同学们仔细想想看，假若此题选形式主语 it，那么真正的主语在哪儿呢？没有。其实，此题应选C，属 there be 句型一种比较复杂的表现形式，请看下面几个句子，它们均属there be 句型，但结构一个比一个复杂：
There is much difficulty in solving the problem.
There seems to be much difficulty in solving the problem.
There seems to have been much difficulty in solving the problem.
There doesn’t seem to have been much difficulty in solving the problem.
以下各句用的是否是 there be句型，你看得出来吗?（答案均选B）
(1) There is going to _________ a class meeting tonight
A. have B. be C. do D. attend
(2) _________ used to be a big tree in front of the old house.
A. It B. There C. They D. That
(3) _________ happened to be a foreign teacher there.
A. It B. There C. They D. That
(4) There seems to _________ a storm soon.
A. have B. be C. fall D. blow
(5) _________ have been many such accidents here recently.
A. It B. There C. They D. We
(6) There must have _________ something wrong with the machine.
A. gone B. been C. had D. done
(7) _________ is said to be no life on the moon.
A. It B. There C. That D. He
13. Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess withhis little grandson every afternoon.
A. its B. whose C. which D. that
【分析】此题很容易误选B，许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词 owner。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词，但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学认为，其中的 seated 可视为谓语动词，但是注意，seat 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在 seated 前加上助动词 is，则可以选择B（当然若将 seated 改为 sitting，也应选择B）。所以此题最佳答案选A。请再看一个类似的例子：
(1) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ translated into foreign languages.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
(2) He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
第(1)应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的 translated 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选C，则该从句无谓语；第(2)应选C，因为句中有谓语 were translated。再请看下面一例：
(3) He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.
A. it B. them C. which D. that
【分析】此题与上面的第(2)题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。
请做做以下三题(答案均为B)：
(1) There I met several people, two of _________ being foreigners.
A. which B. them C. whom D. that
(2) There I met several people, two of _________ were foreigners.
A. which B. whom C. who D. that
(3) There I met several people, and two of _________ were foreigners.
A. which B. them C. whom D. that
14. “Do you have anything _________, Professor Smith?” “No, thanks.”
A. to type B. typing C. to be typed D. being typed
根据 I have something to type. I have a letter to write. He has some clothes to wash. 等相关句式类推，许多同学毫不犹豫地选择了A答案，但是错了，最佳答案应是C。确实，在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中，用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义，如 I have a letter to write 之类的，按理说其中的 a letter 与其后的不定式 to write 具有被动关系，即“信”应该是“被写”，但这里却习惯上用主动式表示这个被动意义。不过同学们还要注意一点，就是这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系，如 I have a letter to write. 中的 to write 就是由该句主语 I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形则稍有不同，即其中的 to type 这一动作不是由句子主语 you (在此指 Professor Smith)来完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的，句意为“史密斯教授，你有什么文件要我打字吗？”请再看一例：
I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 我下个星期要去北京，你有什么东西要带给你儿子的吗？
句中的 to be taken 用了被动式而没用主动式，原因就是“带”这个动作不是句子主语you 去完成的，而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较下面的句子：
Are you going to Beijing? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去北京吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？
I’m going to Beijing next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去北京，我随身要带很多东西去。
15. It’s more than half a century _________ the People’s Republic of China was liberated.
A. when B. that C. since D. after
有的考生一见到句首的 it’s，再一看选项中的that，就马上联想到It is...that... 这样的强调句型，并认为被强调的成分是时间状语 more than half a century，从而毫不犹豫地选择了B。按照以上分析，假若这是强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是The People's Republic of China wasliberated (for) more than half a century. 很显然, 句中的 more than half a century 是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词 (was) liberated 却是一个终止性动词，按此意思则是说“解放中华人民共和国”这一动作一直持续了半个多世纪，这显然是荒唐的。其实，此题应选C，属于“It is＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型，句意为“自中华人民共和国解放以来, 时间已过去半个多世纪”。此句的主句谓语也可以用现在完成时态(has been)，但在口语中一般多用一般现在时代替。请再看一例：
It was ten o’clock _________ he came back home.
A. when B. that C. since D. after
对于此题许多同学也误认为是强调句型，从而误选B。假若这是强调句，那么若将此句还原为非强调句就应该是 He came back home ten o’clock. 此句显然不成立，但是若在 ten o’clock 前加上一介词 at，则完全可以，即可说 He came back home at ten o’clock.，也可说 It was at ten o’clock thathe came back home. 上面一题的正解答案应是A，即选 when，表示“当……的时候”，句首的 it 表示时间，全句意为“当他回到家时，时间是10点钟。”
16. The soldiers tried their best and did what they could _________ against the flood.
A. fight B. to fight C. fighting D. fought
有的同学一看到空格前的情态动词 could 就断定此处应填动词原形 fight，即断定选A答案。其实选错了，正确答案应是B。这是一个省略句，即在 could 后省略了动词 do，若把句子补完整应为Thesoldiers tried their best and did what they could do to fight against the flood (士兵们竭尽全力抗洪)。即句中的不定式短语 (to fight against the flood) 用作目的状语的，而不是与情态动词(could)一起构成谓语。请再看类似例句：
(1) He did what he could to help us. 他尽力帮助我们。
(2) He saved what he could to buy a car. 他尽量节约每一分钱以便买车。
(3) He ran as fast as he could to catch the early bus. 他拼命地跑以便赶上早班车。
至此，有的同学可能又会想当然地认为，今后只要遇到类似结构的题选带to不定式就万事大吉了，但也不一定，例外还是有的，还得具体问题具体分析。请看下例：
(4) He ran as fast as he could _________ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hope C. hoping D. hoped
若根据以上“经验”认为此题要选A答案，那就又错了。此题应选 C，其中的现在分词短语 hoping tocatch the early bus 用作伴随状语。
(5) He spent every minute he could _________ spoken English.
A. practise B. to practise C. practising D. practised
【分析】此题应选 C，它与以上各题的情形均有所不同，虽然与上面的第(4)题的答案一样，均为动词的 –ing 形式，但也不完全一样：第(4)的 hoping 为现在分词，在句中用作伴随状语；而此题的 practising 是动名词，之所以用它与前面动词 spent 的搭配有关，即 spend … (in) doing sth。若将此句补充完整，即为 He spent every minute he could spend in practising spoken English.
(6) Mr Smith made up his mind to devote all he could _________ his oral English before goingabroad.
A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving
【分析】此题答案选D，注意两点：一是 devote … to … 是固定搭配，意为“把……贡献给……”；二是其中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时要用动名词。
17. Every minute should be made full use of _________ thelessons.
A. to study B. study C. studying D. studied
【分析】此题容易误选C，认为介词后接动词时要用动名词。其实此题的正确答案是A，注意此句谓语为被动语态，假若将此句转换成主动语态，则是 We should make full use of every minuteto study the lessons. 用的是 make use of … to do sth (利用……做某事)这一结构。另外，还有 make the most of (尽量利用)，make the best of (尽量利用)也可能用于此类试题。请看类例：
The only way that she thought of _________ enough money was to sell her hair.
A. get B. to get C. got D. getting
答案应选B，而不是选D。句子主语是 the only way，that she thought of 是修饰主语的定语从句，不定式 to get enough money 也是修饰主语的定语，也就是说，句子主语带有两个定语修饰语。全句意为“她想到的弄到足够钱的惟一办法就是把自己的头发卖掉。”
18. The letter they were looking forward to _________ at last.
A. arrived B. arriving C. had arrived D. arrive
对于此题，基础稍差的同学可能选D，认为空格前的 to 是不定式符号，所以后接动词原形；基础稍好的同学可能会选B，知道 look forward to 是短语，意为“盼望”，其中的 to 是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动名词；只有基础扎实、语感好、而且细心的同学才会选A，诚如上面所说，look forward to 中的 to 是介词，而不是不定式符号，所以后接动词作宾语时，要用动名词，而不用动词原形。但问题是此句中的动词 arrive 不是介词 to 的宾语，而是句子的谓语。句子的正解分析是：the letter 为句子主语，they were looking forward to 是修饰主语的定语从句(介词 to 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，被省略)，arrived 是句子谓语。请看以下试题：
(1) The professor you referred to _________ just now.
A. comes B. come C. coming D. came
答案选D，句子主语为 the professor，you referred to 为修饰 the professor 的定语从句，空白处填 came，为句子谓语。
(2) The theory he sticks to _________ to be of no use in our studies.
A. proves B. prove C. proving D. be proved
答案选A，he sticks to 是修饰主语 the theory 的定语从句，句子的基本结构为 The theory provesto be of no use in our studies.
(3) The work he devoted his time to _________ worth praising.
A. was B. be C. being D. been
答案选A，he devoted his time to 是修饰主语 the work 的定语从句。句子的基本结构为 The workwas worth praising.
19. This is the very work that I must finish _________ her.
A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped
有的同学一看到动词 finish，便断定其后空格肯定填动名词，即断定此题答案选C。其实错了，正确答案应是 A。不错，finish 后接动词作宾语时，该动词要用动名词，而不用不定式，但是本句空格处填的动词help 并不是 finish 的宾语，正确的句子分析是：that I must finish 是修饰名词 the verywork 的定语从句，finish 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，其后的不定式 to help her 是目的状语。全句意为“为了帮助她，这就是我们必须要完成的工作。”请再看类似例题：
(1) What the children enjoy _________ to play outside.
A. being B. to be C. is D. are
答案选C，而不选A。what the children enjoy 是主语从句，空格处填的 is 为谓语动词。
(3) What else would you mind _________ money?
A. make B. making C. to make D. made
答案选C，而不选B。动词mind 的宾语是句首的疑问词 what，而不是其后的动词 make；不定式 tomake money 用作目的状语。
(3) Nothing that he suggested _________ useful.
A. prove B. proved C. proving D. to prove
答案选B，而不选C。句子主语是 nothing；that he suggested 是修饰主语的定语从句，suggested 的宾语是引导该定语从句的关系代词 that，而不是其后的动词；句子谓语是 proved。全句意为“他建议的情况没有一条是有用的。”
20. I don’t know if he _________ or not tomorrow.
A. come B. comes C. will come D. is coming
【分析】此题容易误选B。认为 if 引导的是条件状语从句，从句谓语要用一般现在时表示将来意义。其实，此题应选C，句中if引导的不是条件状语从句(即if≠如果)，而是宾语从句(即if＝是否)，句意为“我不知道明天他是否会来。”请看以下类似试题：
(1) I don't know if she _________, but if she _________ I will let you know.
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
答案选 D，第一个 if 引导的是宾语从句，第二个 if 引导的是条件状语从句。
(2) “When _________ he come?” “I don’t know, but when he _________, I’ll tell you.”
A. does, comes B. will, will come
C. does, will come D. will, comes
答案选 D，第一个 when 疑问副词，用于引出一个特殊疑问句；第二个 when是从属连词，用于引导时间状语从句。
(3) “When he _________ is not known yet.” “But when he _________, he will be warmlywelcomed.”
A. comes, comes B. will come, will come
C. comes, will come D. will come, comes
答案选 D，第一个 when 引导的是主语从句，第二个 when引导的是时间状语从句。
21. “Oh, how fat he is!” “But I think he is _________ than fat.”
A. short B. shorter C. more short D. shortest
【分析】此题容易误选B，认为 short为单音节形容词，故用-er构成比较级。其实正确答案应是C。要弄清此问题，得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起：
(1) 异类同质比较：即指两个不同的人或事物(异类)在同一方面(同质)进行比较。如：
He is stronger than me. 他比我强壮。
Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。
(2) 同类异质比较：即指同一个人或事物(同类)在两个不同的方面(异质)进行比较(注意译文)：
He is more brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。
He’s more short than fat. 与其说他胖，不如说他矮。
She is more lucky than clever. 与其说她聪明，不如说她幸运。
按英语习惯，在进行同类异质比较时，只能用more构成比较级，不能用-er形式，即使是单音节词也是如此。
22. “_________ do you think of your English teacher?” “Oh, he is an _________ man.”
A. What, interesting B. What, interested C. How, interesting D. How, interested
【分析】此题很容易误选D，认为第一空应填 how，表示“如何”；第二空应填 interested，因为有的书上说 –ing 形容词主要说明事物，-ed 形容词主要说明人。但正确答案应是A，理由如下：
(1) 英语中表示汉语中的“你觉得……如何？”时，有以下两类表达：
How do you like...? 你觉得……怎么样?
What do you think of...? 你觉得……怎么样?
这两类句型含义大致相同，但搭配不同，即 like 与 how 搭配，think of 与 what 搭配。
(2) 的确有的书认为：-ing形容词说明事，-ed形容词说明人。此说法在很多情况下是可行的，但表述欠准确。准确的表述应该是：表示使(别)人感到如何, 用-ing形容词；表示人自己本身感到如何，用-ed形容词。比较：
He is interested. 他很感兴趣。
He is interesting. 他很有趣。
He is an interesting man. 他是个有趣的人。
I read an interested expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种感兴趣的表情。
I read an interesting expression on his face. 我看到他脸上露出一种有趣的表情。
再比较：
He is frightened. 他很害怕。
He is frightening. 他很吓人。
He has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。
He has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带有吓人的神情。
23. “Is he a man with good manners?” “No, he is _________ but polite.”
A. anything B. anyone C. anybody D. anywhere
【分析】此题容易误选B或C，因为句子主语指人，只有B、C才与之一致。其实，正确答案应选A。因为 anything but 是习语，意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”，不仅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：
That old bridge is anything but safe. 那座桥一点也不安全。
My income is anything but large. 我的收入绝对不算多。
The fight is anything but finished. 战斗绝没有结束。
Her father was anything but a poet. 她父亲根本不是诗人。
Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。
24. The farmhouse we paid a visit _________ at the top of the hill.
A. standing B. to stand C. to standing D. to stands
【分析】此题容易误选B或C，有的同学可能认为B或C两者必选其一，因为其中的 to 要么是不定式符号，此时其后接动词用原形，要么就是介词，此时后接动词用动名词。其实，正确答案应是D。不错，pay a visit to 中的 to 是介词，但是在此句中 to 的宾语不是其后的动词，而是引导 we paida visit to 这个定语从句的关系代词 that (在原句被省略)，也就是说选项D中介词 to 后的动词 stands 并不是 to 的宾语，而是主句的谓语，句意为“我们参观的那家农舍在小山顶上”。又如：
(1) The good news we were looking forward _________ in the end.
A. arriving B. to arrive C. to arriving D. to arrived
答案为D，不能选B或C。句中 we were looking forward to 是修饰名词 the good news 的定语从句，介词 to 后的动词 arrived 是句子的谓语，句意为“我们盼望的好消息终于到了”。
(2) The life he is now used _________ quite different from ours.
A. is B. to be C. to being D. to is
答案选D，不能选B或C。句中he is now used to 是修饰 the life 的定语从句，介词 to 的宾语是用以引导定语从句 he is now used to 的关系代词that（被省略），to 后的动词 is 是句子的谓语，句意为“他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同”。
(3) The work he paid special attention _________ to nothing.
A. came B. to come C. to coming D. to came
答案选D，不能选B或C。句中he paid special attention to 是修饰 the work 的定语从句，介词 to 的宾语是用以引导定语从句 he paid special attention to 的关系代词that (被省略），to 后的动词 came 是句子的谓语，句意为“他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了”。
(4) The result what he said would lead _________ his regret in the future.
A. is B. to be C. to being D. to was
答案选D，不能选B或C。句中what he said would lead to 是修饰 the result 的定语从句，介词 to 的宾语是用以引导定语从句 what he said would lead to 的关系代词that （被省略），to 后的动词 was 是句子的谓语，句意为“他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的后悔”。
25. The children all looked _________ at the broken model plane and felt quite _________.
A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad
【分析】此题容易误选A，想当然地认为 look 和 feel 均为连系动词，所以其后接形容词作表语。其实，句中的 look 并不是连系动词，而是实义动词 (注意其后的介词 at)，所以正确答案应是 D。请再看下面一道题：
We don’t care if a hunting dog smells _________, but we really don’t want him to smell _________.
A. well, well B. bad, bad C. well, badly D. badly, bad
这是1995年一道上海高考题，此题最佳答案为D。第一个 smell 为实义动词，意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”，smell badly 意为“嗅觉差”；第二个 smell 为连系动词，意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”，smell bad 意为“闻起来气味难闻”。全句意为“我们并不介意一条猎狗的嗅觉不好，但我们的确不希望它的气味难闻”。
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