外事英语流利表达 Chapter 1
learn to recognize and pronounce full and educed English vowels ,learn to recognize and pronounce stressed and unstressed syllables and words in Englis
Part 1
Pre-listening Exercise
The English language uses 20 different vowel sounds ,and 24 different consonant sounds
A lot of the sounds are similar to the sounds in Chinese
A few English sounds,like final consonants,are difficult for Chinese speakers .
Chinese words usually end either in-n,-ng,or a vowel.English words,however,can end with many different consonants .
In fact ,many words end in a consonant cluster (two or more consonants
For example,look at the ending of consonants.It ends with a combination of the sounds /n/,/t/,and /s/.
English final consonants are very important for two reasons .
One reason is that English words with different meanings often begin with the same sounds.
For example,the only sound difference between "you "and "use "is the final sound:
"use "ends in the consonant sound /z/.The only sound difference between "word "and "work"is the final consonant:/d/or /k
Only the final consonant sound tells your listener which word you mean .
Another reason is that final consonants often show whether a noun is singular or plura
or whether a verb is in the past or present tense ,for example "noun"(singular)or "nouns"(plural
"show"(present tense )or "showed "(past tense).
If you don't recognize final consonants when you hear them,you may not be able to understand English speakers
If you don't pronounce final consonants clearly ,English speakers may not be able to understand you .
Listening Exercise
Exercise Three (b
1.you us
2.lie lik
3.know not
4.go goa
5.play plagu
6.so soa
7.ray rac
8.paw paus
9.sigh sid
10.two toot
Exercises 3(d)
1.blue bloo
2.bay bath
3.row rob
4.lie lif
5.char charg
6.key kee
7.mar mars
8.car carv
9.pea peac
10.we whee
Pronunciation Exercise
Exercises 4
1.rat
2.sho
3.chequ
4.car
5.pric
6.traffi
7.loca
8.credi
9.languag
10.surcharg
11.hote
12.foreig
13.subu
14.jacke
Exercises 5(b)
1.drin
2.dam
3.bes
4.coat
5.rule
6.worl
7.make
8.bronz
9.coun
10.kep
11.card
12.tent
13.twelft
14.clothe
15.live
16.tomb
Exercises 6(b)
1.painting
2.differen
3.mountain
4.provinc
5.interes
6.instanc
7.aroun
8.projec
Part
Pre-listening Exercises
English has more than one sound for each of the written vowels a,e,i,o,and
Sometimes the sounds change because of spelling rules,but the most common sound change occurs when one syllable is emphasized
or stressed ,more than the others .In words of more than one syllable ,one syllable is always stresse
In long words,more than one syllable may be stressed
Stressed syllables always have a nomal ,full vowel sound ,like the first syllable of "emphasized
The unstressed vowels in the other syllables are often reduced ,that is ,spoken very quickly and quietly ,like the -a-in"emphasized".
Have you ever been unalbe to recognize an English word when you first hear it ,even though you know the word very well when you see it in print?
That's probably because the word contains one or more reduced vowel
Reduced vowels are spoken quickly and quietly ,so they lose their distinctive pronunciation .
There are really only two reduced vowel sounds in English
One sound is the reduced/i/.You can hear it in a word like "im/tate
The other sound is more common .It's usually represented by the sound symbol/2
It's used for the reduced vowels/a/,/e/,/o/and /u/.It sounds something like the pronunciation of the -0-in "pronunciation
the -a-in the word "syllable "or the -e-in "vowel"-in other words,it's hardly pronounced at al
The vowels,a,e,o,and u are written with different letters of the alphabet ,but they sound almost the same when reduced .
It's more important to be able to hear reduced vowels than to be able to pronounce the
(English speakers will understand you even if you don't use reduced vowels
If you don't recognize reduced vowels when you hear them,you may have problems understanding what an English speaker is saying
It's important to practise noticing reduced vowels as you read and listen to the texts in this book .
Listening Exercise
Exercises 2(a)
1.agree
2.visi
3.garde
4.meta
5.roya
6.Chin
7.weathe
8.belie
9.civi
10.depen
11.defea
12.betwee
Exercises 2(b)
1.alcohol
2.consultan
3.centur
4.musue
5.opiu
6.perio
7.histor
8.secon
9.contro
10.minut
11.carefu
12.natur
Exercises 2(c)
1.comfortabl
2.porcelai
3.vegetabl
4.dynast
5.origina
6.defeate
7.Confuciu
8.importan
9.differen
10.officia
11.palatia
12.sedimen
Pronunciation Exercise
Exercises 3(b)
1.agre
2.visi
3.garde
4.meta
5.roy
6.Chin
7.weathe
8.belie
9.civi
10.depen
11.defea
12.betwee
Exercises 4(b)
1.alcoho
2.consultan
3.centur
4.musue
5.opiu
6.perio
7.histor
8.secon
9.contro
10.minut
11.carefu
12.natur
Exercises 5(b)
1.comfortabl
2.porcelai
3.vegetabl
4.dynast
5.origina
6.defeate
7.Confuciu
8.importan
9.differen
10.officia
11.palatia
12.sedimen
Part
Pre-listening Exercis
Exercises 1(b)
In English,some syllables and words are spoken more loudly and clearly than others.
This difference in emphasis gives spoken English its characteristic rhythm and melod
For example,many English words contain serveral syllables with full vowel sounds .
One vowel is always emphasized,or stressed ,more than the others ,for example ,"contain ","emphasized ","example
Did you notice in these examples that the stressed vowel can be in different positions in the word
When you first meet a new word in the units that follow ,the vowel to be emphasized will alawys be in holdface type .
Some words with the same spelling change to a different part of speech when different syllables are emphasized
The meeting can also change .For example ,the adjective "present",meaning "here and now
changes to be verb"present",meaning "give",if the stress on the syllable changes
Stressing the wrong vowel in this type of word may confuse your liteners .
English also uses stress to indicate the important words in phrases ,clauses and sentences
A stressed word is spoken more clearly than an unstressed word .Emphasizing important words makes the listener pay attention to these words .
Stressed words are usually nouns ,verbs ,adverbs and other words that contain a lot of information
Words such as "the ","an","to",or"from ",are normally not stressed.
When you speak,stress only the important words
Listeners find it hard to know exactly what you mean if you emphasize unimportant words
When you listen ,pay attention to the stressed words to improve your listening comprehension .
Listening Exercise
Exercises 2(a)
1.gian
2.adjus
3.happ
4.depen
5.expert
6.regio
7.peopl
8.percen
9.aroun
10.eatin
11.improv
12.avoi
Exercises 2(b)
1.transportatio
2.populatio
3.remembe
4.brillian
5.beautifu
6.museu
7.defeate
8.characte
9.differen
10.ceremon
11.economicall
12.everyon
Exercises 3(a)
1.at the airpor
2.subway trai
3.bus servic
4.to the marke
5.historic building
6.railway lin
7.on the rive
8.to the coas
9.transportation syste
10.central Chin
11.moon cake
12.black in
Exercises 3(b)
1.vegetables ,meat or other ingredient
2.a famous Chinese dis
3.mountain and wate
4.nature and the human spiri
5.colours found in natur
6.about twelve millio
7.a great place to sho
8.where the embassies ar
9.the longest river in Asi
10.pround of their succes
11.tour boats for foreigner
12.a very long histor
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