新东方名师：基础口译命题发言中的利弊类话题
朱甄雯简介：上海新东方口译研究中心成员，基础口译翻译主讲，少年口译翻译课明星教师，毕业于同济大学，国家二级笔译（人事部CATTI认证），资深译员。
命题发言的题型大致有三种：利弊类、方式类、选择类和观点类。所谓利弊类话题，就是让考生谈论一个现象的利与弊，考生必须辩证地看待与分析问题。
我们用实题来举例讲解，比如：the Advantages and Disadvantages of Advertisement，谈论广告的利与弊。
在准备的过程中，首先要审题，划出关键词是advertisement；
其次要罗列利弊，可以在备考纸上设计如下一个简单的表格，填充重点词即可；
Advantages
Disadvantages
promote sales of products
waste time and money
make us know more about products
persuade us to buy something
make our life more colorful
disturb us while we are watching TV series
第三，设计开头和结尾。通常这一环节，考生应该就不同的话题事先准备好几个开头结尾的模板，然后学会在口试中利用模板，替换关键词，自然流利地表达观点，这样就事半功倍了。比如：开头可以这么说Different people have different ideas on the topic of advertisement. Some people are in favor of advertisement while others are against it. The advantages and disadvantages of advertisement are as follows.或者When it comes to the topic, the opinions vary from person to person. There are many advantages and disadvantages of advertisement. Let me list some of them.
利弊类的结尾常用句型有：To sum up, every coin has two sides. / For me, the advantages outweigh its disadvantages because....
简而言之，遇到利弊类题目，关键是要罗列好利与弊，然后用连接词和模板句型连句成文，常用的连接词有表原因与结果(therefore/ because of/ thanks to...)、表时间顺序(since then/ after that/ meanwhile...)、表递进(what's more/ not only...but also...)、表总结(to sum up/ in a word/ all in all...)等。
建议大家在最后的备考阶段，每天要留出部分时间来操练不同的口语话题，这样到了考场上就能驾轻就熟了。
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