知识百科：算盘是怎么来的
算盘是人类历史上一种重要的计算工具，被称为"现代计算机"的前身。现在，就让我们来探究一下算盘的历史吧!The origins of the abacus are disputed, as many different cultures have
been known to have used similar tools. It is known to have existed in Babylonia
and in China, and was likely invented sometime between 1000 BCE and 500 BCE. The
first abacus was almost certainly based on a flat stone covered with sand or
dust. Lines were drawn in the sand and pebbles used to aid calculations. From
this, a variety of abaci were developed; the most popular were based on the
bi-quinary system, using a combination of two bases (base-2 and base-5) to
represent decimal numbers.
The use of the word abacus dates back to before 1387 when a Middle English
word borrowed the word from Latin to describe a sandboard abacus. The Latin word
came from abakos, the Greek genitive form of abax ("calculating-table"). Because
abax also had the sense of "table sprinkled with sand or dust, used for drawing
geometric figures," some linguists speculate that the Greek word may be derived
from a Semitic root, ābāq, the Hebrew word for "dust." Though details of the
transmission are obscure, it may also be derived from the Phoenician word abak,
meaning "sand". The plural of abacus is abaci.
A tablet found on the island of Salamis (near Greece) in 1846 dates back to
the Babylonians of 300 BCE making it the oldest counting board discovered so
far. It was originally thought to be a gaming board. Its construction is a slab
of white marble measuring 149 cm in length, 75 cm in width and 4.5 cm thick, on
which are 5 groups of markings. In the center of the tablet are a set of 5
parallel lines equally divided by a vertical line, capped with a semi-circle at
the intersection of the bottom-most horizontal line and the single vertical
line. Below these lines is a wide space with a horizontal crack dividing it.
Below this crack is another group of eleven parallel lines, again divided into
two sections by a line perpendicular to them but with the semi-circle at the top
of the intersection; the third, sixth and ninth of these lines are marked with a
cross where they intersect with the vertical line.
Salamis: 沙拉米斯
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